Karolinska KI/K

COVID-19 Immune Atlas

The Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the human immune response in COVID-19 disease, freely available for scientists, both in academia, in other organizations, and in industry. Read more about the project

The project

The Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas project was initiated in April 2020, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the human immune response in COVID-19 disease. The data in this open resource will allow scientists, both in academia, in other organizations, and in industry, to freely explore the nature of the immune response. The Immune Atlas contains analysis of different immune and inflammatory cells, or group of cells, as well as soluble factors. The Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas project has been funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and a donation from Nordstjernan AB.

The cohort

The Karolinska KI/K Covid-19 Immune Atlas contains peripheral blood-derived cell and soluble factor data from hospitalized Covid-19 patients grouped into different stages of disease severity. Samples were collected once a week upon three consecutive weeks in April and May 2020 at the Karolinska University Hospital Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit Clinics, and were directly processed and analyzed at the Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Data are presented in an aggregated form.

Patient characteristics

The Covid-19 patients analyzed were stratified in two groups according to set inclusion and exclusions criteria. All included patients (ages 18 to 78 years old) were SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive and sampled 5 to 24 days after symptom debut and 1–8 days after hospital admission. Moderately sick patients had a saturation of 90–94% or were receiving 0.5–3 L/min of oxygen. Severely sick patients were treated in an intensive care unit or a high dependency unit. Patient with current malignancy immunomodulatory treatment prior to hospitalization were excluded. Detailed clinical characteristics are presented in the table below. Non Covid-19 controls were age and sex matched, SARS-CoV-2 IgG seronegative at time of inclusion.

Clinical characteristics
Clinical laboratory results

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in immune atlas		Moderate	Severe
Group size	n	10	17
Risk factors	Age, median (range)	56.5 (18 - 76)	58 (40 - 78)
	Sex, n (female/male)	3/7	3/14
	BMI, median (range)	27.63 (23 - 35,06)	29 (23 - 55)
	Smoking – Current, n (%)	1 (10)	2 (12)
	- Prior, n (%)	2 (20)	5 (29)
	- Non-smoker, n (%)	2 (20)	9 (53)
	- Unknown, n (%)	5 (50)	1 (6)
Preexisting conditions, n (%)	None	4 (40)	5 (29)
	Diabetes mellitus	3 (30)	5 (29)
	Hypertension	2 (20)	6 (35)
	Coronary heart disease	-	2 (12)
	Asthma	1 (10)	2 (12)
	Other	OSAS, ischemic heart disease, lymphoma	Chronic hepatitis B, OSAS, renal failure
Viremia at sampling, n (%)		4 (40)	8 (47)
Symptoms on admission	Fever, n (%)	10 (100)	17 (100)
	Cough, n (%)	9 (90)	14 (82)
	Dyspnea, n (%)	10 (100)	17 (100)
	Body ache, n (%)	3 (30)	9 (53)
	Gastrointestinal, n (%)	1 (10)	3 (18)
	Days from symptom onset to admission, median (range)	8.5 (4 - 14)	9 (3 - 14)
	Days from symptom onset to sampling, median (range)	13.5 (6 - 19)	14 (5 - 24)
Peak supportive oxygen therapy	None, n (%)	2 (20)	0 (0)
	Low flow <10L/min, n (%)	6 (60)	0 (0)
	Low flow 10-15 L/min, n (%)	1 (10)	3 (18)
	High Flow, n (%)	1 (10)	1 (6)
	Venitlator, n (%)	0 (0)	12 (71)
	ECMO, n (%)	0 (0)	1 (6)
	PF ratio, median mmHg (range)	357 (312 - 523)	137 (52 - 285)
	Supportive oxygen therapy, median in days (range)	2 (0 - 51), 1 ongoing after discharge	21 (8 - 45), 1 ongoing at hospital
Treatment prior to sampling, n (%)	Anticogulant treatment	10 (100)	15/17 (14 LWMH, 1 oral anticoagulation, 1 unknown)
	Corticosteroids	2 (20)	12 (71)
	Antibiotics	3 (30)	12 (71)
	Antivirals / Cytokine inhibitors	0 (0)	3 (18): Remdesivir, Anakinra, Tocilizumab
Clinical course	Days on ICU, median (range)	0 (0)	14 (0 - 45), 1 ongoing
	Days intubated, median (range)	0 (0)	11 (0 - 45), 1 ongoing
	Days hospitalised, median (range)	8 (5 - 39)	21 (10 - 57), 1 ongoing
	Radiological bilateral infiltrations, n (%)	6 (60), 4 N/A	15 (88), 2 N/A
	Positive bloodcultures, n (%)	0 (0)	4 (24)
	Positive culture from tracheal aspirate, n (%)	0 (0)	7 (41)
	Embolism/thrombosis, n (%)	0 (0)	4 (24): 2x Pulmonary embolism, 1 deep vein thrombosis and 1 arterial thrombosis
	SOFA score at sampling, median (range)	1 (0 - 2)	6 (2 - 12)
Outcome, n (%)	Discharged	10 (100)	12 (71), 1 still hospitalised
	Death	0 (0)	4 (24)

Before study sampling	Normal distribution	Moderatemedian peak (range)	Severe/Criticalmedian peak (range)	p-value
C-reactive protein, mg/L	<3	148 (34 - 346)	296 (101 - 452)	0.015
Procalcitonin, μg/L	<0.5	0.28 (0.11 - 66)	0.90 (0.19 - 10)	0.10
D-dimer, mg/L	<0.56	0.72 (0.28 - 1.5)	2.3 (0.58 - 5.4)	<0.001
Ferritin, μg/L	10-150	856 (219 - 3570)	1793 (183 - 5500)	0.074
Fibrinogen, g/L	2-4.2	N/A	7.05 (4.1 - 10.2)
Lactate dehydrogenase, μkat/L	<3.5	5.6 (3.8 - 13.7)	10.6 (0.89 - 23)	0.003
Alanine aminotransferase, μkat/L	<0.76	0.67 (0.51 - 3.43)	1.24 (0.51 - 13.8)	0.16
Bilirubin, μmol/L	<26	8 (4 - 11)	12 (7 - 81)	0.002
Creatinine, μmol/L	<90	75 (49 - 168)	90 (46 - 326)	0.20
Prothrombin complex, INR	<1.2	1.0 (0.9 - 1.1)	1.1 (0.9 - 2.1)	0.005
Troponin T, ng/L	<15	11 (5 - 218)	19 (8 - 601)	0.037
Myogloblin, μg/L	<73	23 (22 - 37)	369 (36 - 6400)	0.001
Platelet count, highest, x10⁹/L	165-387	296 (152 - 642)	398 (149 - 770)	0.31
Platelet count, lowest, x10⁹/L	165-387	232 (131 - 342)	196 (110 - 330)	0.86
Lymphocytes, lowest, x10⁹/L	1.1-3.5	0.8 (0.3 - 1.9)	0.6 (0.2 - 1.5)	0.040
Neutrophils, lowest, x10⁹/L	1.6-5.9	4.0 (0.5 - 6.8)	4.4 (1.7 - 15.9)	0.13

At study sampling (+/-24h)	Normal distribution	Moderatemedian peak (range)	Severe/Criticalmedian peak (range)	p-value
C-reactive protein, mg/L	<3	104 (20 - 394)	203 (37 - 346)	0.11
Procalcitonin, μg/L	<0.5	0.39 (0.12 - 866)	0.52 (0.16 - 10)	0.59
Leukocytes, highes, x 10⁹/L	3.5-8.8	7.7 (1.5 - 12.6)	12.5 (4 - 18.4)	0.005
Leukocytes, lowest, x 10⁹/L	3.5-8.8	6.2 (1 - 10.5)	9.2 (2.3 - 15.7)	0.013
Neutrophils, highest, x 10⁹/L	1.6-5.9L	5.4 (0.9 - 9.3)	10.9 (3.2 - 16.7)	0.001
D-dimer, mg/L	<0.56	0.71 (0.36 - 1.3)	2.3 (0.44 - 7.6)	0.001
Ferritin, μg/L	10-150	738 (161 - 1971)	1832 (183 - 4306)	0.053
Fibrinogen, g/L	2-4.2	N/A	6.4 (3.5 - 10.2)
Bilirubin, μmol/L	<26	6 (4 - 11)	9 (6 - 81)	0.049
Creatinine, μmol/L	<90	68 (43 - 168)	73 (36 - 326)	0.47
Prothrombin complex, INR	<1.2	1.0 (1 - 1.1)	1.1 (0.9 - 1.4)	0.32
Troponin T, ng/L	<15	6 (5 - 43)	18 (6 - 434)	0.018
Haemoglobin, lowest, g/L	117-153	124 (90 - 145)	113 (73 - 146)	0.19
Lymphocytes, lowest, x 10⁹/L	1.1-3.5	1.2 (0.3 - 2.4)	0.8 (0.3 - 2.3)	0.023
Albumin, lowest, g/L	36-48	28 (21 - 37)	19 (16 - 29)	0.003
Platelet count, lowest, x 10⁹/L	165-387	324 (131 - 642)	361 (146 - 579)	0.49

At study sampling (+/-5d)	Normal distribution	Moderatemedian peak (range)	Severe/Criticalmedian peak (range)	p-value
Interleukin-6, ng/L	<7	58 (2 - 151)	198 (29 - 8093)	0.041
Interleukin-1β, ng/L	<5	N/A	9.6 (5.4 - 16.8)
Interleukin-10, ng/L	<5	N/A	24 (5.6 - 58)
Tumor necrosis factor-α, ng/L	<12	N/A	15 (8 - 48)

Cells

Cell data include studies of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer (NK) cells, conventional T cells, unconventional T cells (MAIT cells, γδ T cells, DNT cells), B cells, granulocytes, monocytes, and DCs as well as soluble factors. Analysis provided include data from up to 29 color flow cytometry panels. Soluble factor data include serum analysis by high-quality multiplex immunoassay panels. Data are presented in an aggregated manner, and allow for analysis and comparison visualized by different means such as box plots, volcano plots, radar charts, and with applicable statistical measure terms.

Panels

Many factors have been considered when designing the used panels for flow cytometry including biomarker selection, instrument configuration, flourochrome brightness, spectral overlap, antigen density, antigen co-expression, and reagent availability. Up to 29 different parameters have been analyzed pending on cell-type analyzed and specific information desired. Panels used for the analysis are shown per cell-track.

NK cells
T cells
Unconventional T cells
B cells
Granulocytes
ILCs
DCs and monocytes

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/28	HLA-DR BUV395
	515/30	CD16 BUV496
	580/20	CD56 BUV563
	605/20	NKG2D BUV615
	670/25	CD38 BUV661
	735/50	CD69 BUV737
	810/40	CD45 BUV805
405	450/50	MIP1β BV421
	525/50	CD14 V500, CD19 V500, CD123 BV510, DCM Aqua
	586/15	empty
	605/40	KLRG1 BV605
	677/20	TIGIT BV650
	710/50	KIR3DL1
	750/30	IFNγ BV750
	810/40	CD25 BV786
488	530/30	CD98 BB515
	610/20	NKG2C BB630
	670/30	CXCR6 BB660
	710/50	Tim-3 BB700
	750/30	Perforin BB755
	810/40	Granzyme B BB790
561	586/15	Ksp37 PE
	610/20	CD62L ECD
	670/30	CD3 PE-Cy5
	710/50	KIR2DL2/S2/L3 PE-Cy5.5
	780/60	NKG2A PE-Vio770
637	670/30	KIR2DL1 APC
	730/45	Ki67 AF700
	780/60	CD57 APC-Vio770

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/28	CD8 BUV395
	515/30	CD38 BUV496
	580/20	CD28 BUV563
	605/20	HLA-DR BUV615
	670/25	Lag-3 BUV661
	735/50	TIGIT BUV737
	810/40	CD3 BUV805
405	450/50	A02:01 GL9 EBV or NV9 CMV BV421
	525/50	CD14 BV510, CD19 BV510, DCM Aqua
	586/15	CD45RA BV570
	605/40	CD127 BV605
	677/20	Tim-3 BV650
	710/50	CD39 BV711
	750/30	CD69 BV750
	810/40	CD27 BV786
488	530/30	TCF1 A488
	610/20	CD95 BB630
	670/30	Ki-67 BB660
	710/50	Perforin BB700
	750/30	CTLA-4 BB755
	810/40	Granzyme BB790
561	586/15	A02:01 RK9 or LL9 SARS-CoV-2 Dextramer PE
	610/20	2B4 PE/Dazzle™594
	670/30	CD25 PE-Cy5
	710/50	CD4 PE-Cy5.5
	780/60	PD-1 PE-Cy7
637	670/30	TOX Alexa647
	730/45	CXCR5 APC-R700
	780/60	CCR7 APC-H7

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/28	CD69 BUV395
	515/30	CD38 BUV496
	580/20	empty
	605/20	empty
	670/25	empty
	735/50	CD56 BUV737
	810/40	CD3 BUV805
405	450/50	PD1 BV421
	525/50	CD14 V500, CD19 V500
	586/15	CD8 BV570
	605/40	IL7R BV605
	677/20	CXCR3 BV650
	710/50	CD4 BV711
	750/30	Va24 BV750
	810/40	HLA-DR BV785
488	530/30	Ki67 AF488
	610/20	empty
	670/30	empty
	710/50	Granzyme A PerCP-Cy55
	750/30	empty
	810/40	empty
561	586/15	MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer
	610/20	TCRgd PEDazzle 594
	670/30	CD161 PeCy5
	710/50	empty
	780/60	Va7.2 PE-Cy7
637	670/30	CXCR6 AF647
	730/45	Granzyme B AF700
	780/60	DCM IR

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/35	CD19 BUV395
355	740/35	PD1 BUV737
405	450/50	CD38 BV421
	525/50	CD14, CD123 V500, Aqua DCM
	585/42	empty
	610/20	CD4 Qdot 605
	670/30	CD27 BV650
	710/50	CXCR5 BV711
	780/60	IgM BV785
488	530/30	CD20 FITC
561	586/15	IgG PE
	610/20	CXCR3 PE-Dazzle 594
	661/20	CD3 PE-Cy5
	710/50	empty
	780/60	IgD PE-Cy7
639	670/30	IgA APC
	730/45	Ki67 A700
	780/60	ICOS APC-Cy7

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/28	CD193 BUV395
	515/30	CD24 BUV496
	580/20	PD-L1 BUV563
	605/20	CD147 BUV615
	670/25	CD62L BUV661
	735/50	CD86 BUV737
	810/40	CD16 BUV805
405	450/50	LOX-1 BV421
	525/50	CD3 BV510, CD14 BV510, CD19 BV510, CD56 BV510, CD304 BV510
	586/15	DCM yellow
	605/40	FceR1 BV605
	677/20	CD11a BV650
	710/50	CD88 BV711
	750/30	CD15 BV750
	810/40	CD63 BV786
488	530/30	CD66b BB515
	610/20	empty
	670/30	empty
	710/50	CD69 BB700
	750/30	empty
	810/40	empty
561	586/15	CD126 PE
	610/20	CD11b PE-CF594
	670/30	CXCR1 PE-Cy5
	710/50	CXCR4 PE-Cy5.5
	780/60	CD123 PE-Cy7
637	670/30	CD177 A647
	730/45	HLA-DR APC-R700
	780/60	CXCR2 APC-Fire 750

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/35	CD45 BUV395
355	740/35	CCR6 BUV737
405	450/50	CXCR3 BV421
	525/50	CCR4 BV510
	585/42	CD3 BV570
	610/20	CD161 BV605
	670/30	CD69 BV650
	710/50	CD56 BV711
	780/60	CD45RA BV785
488	530/30	CD1a FITC, CD14 FITC, CD19 FITC, CD34 FITC, CD123 FITC, BDCA2 FITC, FcER1 FITC, TCRab FITC, TCRgd FITC, DCM green
561	586/15	HLA-DR PE
	610/20	CRTH2 PECF594
	661/20	NKp44 PE-Cy5
	710/50	CD117 PE-Cy5.5
	780/60	CD127 PE-Cy7
639	670/30	NKG2A APC
	730/45	Ki67 A700
	780/60	CD62L APC-Cy7

Laser	Filter	Antigen and fluorochrome
355	379/28	CD123 BUV395
	515/30	AXL BUV496
	580/20	CD147 BUV563
	605/20	CCR2 BUV615
	670/25	CD38 BUV661
	735/50	CD16 BUV737
	810/40	CD86 BUV805
405	450/50	CD200R BV421
	525/50	CD15 BV510, DCM aqua
	586/15	CD44 BV570
	605/40	FceR1 BV605
	677/20	CD163 BV650
	710/50	CD141 BV711
	750/30	CD7/34/19/3 BV750
	810/40	HLA-DR BV785
488	530/30	CD206 BB515
	610/20	empty
	670/30	empty
	710/50	CD1c BB700
	750/30	empty
	810/40	empty
561	586/15	CD116 PE
	610/20	CD126 PE/Dazzle™594
	670/30	CD5 PE-Cy5
	710/50	c-KIT PE-Cy5.5
	780/60	CD88 PE-Cy7
637	670/30	CLEC9A Alexa647
	730/45	CD45RA AF700
	780/60	CD14 APC-Cy7

Soluble factors

Soluble factors studied include 272 serum and/or plasma proteins analyzed using several high-quality multiplex immunoassay technologies.

Protein	Full name	Uniprot ID
4E-BP1	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1	Q13541
ADA	Adenosine deaminase	P00813
ADGRG1	Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor G1	Q9Y653
AGR2	Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog	O95994
AIFM1	Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial	O95831
ALDH3A1	Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring	P30838
AMN	Protein amnionless	Q9BXJ7
AREG	Amphiregulin	P15514
ARNT	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	P27540
ARTN	Artemin	Q5T4W7
ATP6AP2	Renin receptor	O75787
AXIN1	Axin-1	O15169
BACH1	Transcription regulator protein BACH1	O14867
BAMBI	BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog	Q13145
BANK1	B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats	Q8NDB2
Beta-NGF	Beta-nerve growth factor	P01138
BID	BH3-interacting domain death agonist	P55957
BIRC2	Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2	Q13490
BTC	Probetacellulin	P35070
BTN3A2	Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2	P78410
CA12	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570
CA14	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Q9ULX7
CALCA	Calcitonin	P01258
CALR	Calreticulin	P27797
CAPG	Macrophage-capping protein	P40121
CASP-8	Caspase-8	Q14790
CCL11	Eotaxin	P51671
CCL19	C-C motif chemokine 19	Q99731
CCL20	C-C motif chemokine 20	P78556
CCL23	C-C motif chemokine 23	P55773
CCL25	C-C motif chemokine 25	O15444
CCL28	C-C motif chemokine 28	Q9NRJ3
CCL3	C-C motif chemokine 3	P10147
CCL4	C-C motif chemokine 4	P13236
CD244	Natural killer cell receptor 2B4	Q9BZW8
CD28	T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28	P10747
CD40	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5	P25942
CD5	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5	P06127
CD6	T-cell differentiation antigen CD6	P30203
CD83	CD83 antigen	Q01151
CD8A	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain	P01732
CDCP1	CUB domain-containing protein 1	Q9H5V8
CDSN	Corneodesmosin	Q15517
CES2	Cocaine esterase	O00748
CKAP4	Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4	Q07065
CLEC1A	C-type lectin domain family 1 member A	Q8NC01
CLEC4A	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Q9UMR7
CLEC4C	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Q8WTT0
CLEC4D	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Q8WXI8
CLEC4G	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Q6UXB4
CLEC6A	C-type lectin domain family 6 member A	Q6EIG7
CLEC7A	C-type lectin domain family 7 member A	Q9BXN2
CLSPN	Claspin	Q9HAW4
CNTN2	Contactin-2	Q02246
CNTNAP2	Contactin-associated protein-like 2	Q9UHC6
CRH	Corticoliberin	P06850
CSF-1	Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1	P09603
CSNK1D	Casein kinase I isoform delta	P48730
CST5	Cystatin-D	P28325
CX3CL1	Fractalkine	P78423
CXADR	Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor	P78310
CXCL1	Growth-regulated alpha protein	P09341
CXCL10	C-X-C motif chemokine 10	P02778
CXCL11	C-X-C motif chemokine 11	O14625
CXCL12	Stromal cell-derived factor 1	P48061
CXCL5	C-X-C motif chemokine 5	P42830
CXCL6	C-X-C motif chemokine 6	P80162
CXCL9	C-X-C motif chemokine 9	Q07325
DAPP1	Dual adapter for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositide	Q9UN19
DCBLD2	Discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain-containing protein 2	Q96PD2
DCTN1	Dynactin subunit 1	Q14203
DDX58	Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I	O95786
DFFA	DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha	O00273
DGKZ	Diacylglycerol kinase zeta	Q13574
DNER	Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor	Q8NFT8
DPP10	Inactive dipeptidyl peptidase 10	Q8N608
DPP6	Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6	P42658
DSG4	Desmoglein-4	Q86SJ6
EDAR	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member EDAR	Q9UNE0
EDIL3	EGF-like repeat and discoidin I-like domain-containing protein 3	O43854
EGFL7	Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7	Q9UHF1
EGLN1	Egl nine homolog 1	Q9GZT9
EIF4G1	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1	Q04637
EIF5A	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1	P63241
EN-RAGE	Protein S100-A12	P80511
ENAH	Protein enabled homolog	Q8N8S7
ENTPD2	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Q9Y5L3
ENTPD6	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6	O75354
EPO	Erythropoietin	P01588
ERBB2IP	Erbin	Q96RT1
FABP9	Fatty acid-binding protein 9	Q0Z7S8
FAM3B	Protein FAM3B	P58499
FCRL3	Fc receptor-like protein 3	Q96P31
FCRL6	Fc receptor-like protein 6	Q6DN72
FES	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps	P07332
FGF-19	Fibroblast growth factor 19	O95750
FGF-21	Fibroblast growth factor 21	Q9NSA1
FGF-23	Fibroblast growth factor 23	Q9GZV9
FGF-5	Fibroblast growth factor 5	P12034
FGF2	Fibroblast growth factor 2	P09038
FGR	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr	P09769
FKBP1B	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B	P68106
Flt3L	Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	P49771
FOSB	Protein fosB	P53539
FOXO1	Forkhead box protein O1	Q12778
FXYD5	FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5	Q96DB9
GALNT10	Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10	Q86SR1
GALNT3	Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3	Q14435
GDNF	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor	P39905
GLB1	Beta-galactosidase	P16278
HCLS1	Hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein	P14317
HEXIM1	Protein HEXIM1	O94992
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor	P14210
HNMT	Histamine N-methyltransferase	P50135
HPGDS	Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	O60760
HSD11B1	Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	P28845
ICA1	Islet cell autoantigen 1	Q05084
IFN-gamma	Interferon gamma	P01579
IFNLR1	Interferon lambda receptor 1	Q8IU57
IL-1 alpha	Interleukin-1 alpha	P01583
IL-10RA	Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha	Q13651
IL-10RB	Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta	Q08334
IL-12B	Interleukin-12 subunit beta	P29460
IL-15RA	Interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha	Q13261
IL-17A	Interleukin-17A	Q16552
IL-17C	Interleukin-17C	Q9P0M4
IL-18R1	Interleukin-18 receptor 1	Q13478
IL-20	Interleukin-20	Q9NYY1
IL-20RA	Interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha	Q9UHF4
IL-22 RA1	Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1	Q8N6P7
IL-24	Interleukin-24	Q13007
IL-2RB	Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta	P14784
IL10	Interleukin-10	P22301
IL12RB1	Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-1	P42701
IL13	Interleukin-13	P35225
IL18	Interleukin-18	Q14116
IL2	Interleukin-2	P60568
IL33	Interleukin-33	O95760
IL4	Interleukin-4	P05112
IL5	Interleukin-5	P05113
IL6	Interleukin-6	P05231
IL7	Interleukin-7	P13232
IL8	Interleukin-8	P10145
INPPL1	Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2	O15357
IRAK1	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1	P51617
IRAK4	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4	Q9NWZ3
IRF9	Interferon regulatory factor 9	Q00978
ITGA11	Integrin alpha-11	Q9UKX5
ITGA6	Integrin alpha-6	P23229
ITGB1BP1	Integrin beta-1-binding protein 1	O14713
ITGB6	Integrin beta-6	P18564
ITM2A	Integral membrane protein 2A	O43736
JUN	Transcription factor AP-1	P05412
KIM1	Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Q96D42
KIR3DL1	Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1	P43629
KLRD1	Natural killer cells antigen CD94	Q13241
KPNA1	Importin subunit alpha-5	P52294
KRT19	Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19	P08727
LAG3	Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein	P18627
LAMP3	Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 3	Q9UQV4
LAP TGF-beta-1	Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	P01137
LAT2	Linker for activation of T-cells family member 2	Q9GZY6
LHB	Lutropin subunit beta	P01229
LIF	Leukemia inhibitory factor	P15018
LIF-R	Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor	P42702
LILRB4	Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4	Q8NHJ6
LRP1	Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Q07954
LTA4H	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	P09960
LY75	Lymphocyte antigen 75	O60449
MAEA	E3 ubiquitin-protein transferase MAEA	Q7L5Y9
MAGED1	Melanoma-associated antigen D1	Q9Y5V3
MAP4K5	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5	Q9Y4K4
MASP1	Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1	P48740
MAX	Protein max	P61244
MCP-1	C-C motif chemokine 2	P13500
MCP-2	C-C motif chemokine 8	P80075
MCP-3	C-C motif chemokine 7	P80098
MCP-4	C-C motif chemokine 13	Q99616
METAP1	Methionine aminopeptidase 1	P53582
MGMT	Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase	P16455
MILR1	Allergin-1	Q7Z6M3
MMP-1	Interstitial collagenase	P03956
MMP-10	Stromelysin-2	P09238
MVK	Mevalonate kinase	Q03426
NBN	Nibrin	O60934
NCF2	Neutrophil cytosol factor 2	P19878
NCR1	Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1	O76036
NF2	Merlin	P35240
NFATC3	Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3	Q12968
NOS3	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	P29474
NPPC	C-type natriuretic peptide	P23582
NRTN	Neurturin	Q99748
NT-3	Neurotrophin-3	P20783
NTF4	Neurotrophin-4	P34130
NUB1	NEDD8 ultimate buster 1	Q9Y5A7
NUCB2	Nucleobindin-2	P80303
OPG	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B	O00300
OSM	Oncostatin-M	P13725
PADI2	Protein-arginine deiminase type-2	Q9Y2J8
PD-L1	Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1	Q9NZQ7
PDCD1	Programmed cell death protein 1	Q15116
PDGFC	Platelet-derived growth factor C	Q9NRA1
PDP1	[Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 1, mitochondrial	Q9P0J1
PGF	Placenta growth factor	P49763
PIK3AP1	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1	Q6ZUJ8
PLIN1	Perilipin-1	O60240
PLXDC1	Plexin domain-containing protein 1	Q8IUK5
PLXNA4	Plexin-A4	Q9HCM2
PON2	Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2	Q15165
PPM1B	Protein phosphatase 1B	O75688
PPP1R9B	Neurabin-2	Q96SB3
PRDX1	Peroxiredoxin-1	Q06830
PRDX3	Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial	P30048
PRDX5	Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial	P30044
PRKAB1	5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1	Q9Y478
PRKCQ	Protein kinase C theta type	Q04759
PRKRA	Interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A	O75569
PSIP1	PC4 and SFRS1-interacting protein	O75475
PSMA1	Proteasome subunit alpha type-1	P25786
PTH1R	Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor	Q03431
PTK7	Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7	Q13308
PTN	Pleiotrophin	P21246
PTPRJ	Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta	Q12913
PVALB	Parvalbumin alpha	P20472
PXN	Paxillin	P49023
RARRES1	Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1	P49788
RASA1	Ras GTPase-activating protein 1	P20936
RASSF2	Ras association domain-containing protein 2	P50749
RCOR1	REST corepressor 1	Q9UKL0
RRM2B	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Q7LG56
SCF	Kit ligand	P21583
SERPINA9	Serpin A9	Q86WD7
SH2B3	SH2B adapter protein 3	Q9UQQ2
SH2D1A	SH2 domain-containing protein 1A	O60880
SIRT2	NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2	Q8IXJ6
SIRT5	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Q9NXA8
SIT1	Signaling threshold-regulating transmembrane adapter 1	Q9Y3P8
SLAMF1	Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule	Q13291
SMAD1	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1	Q15797
SPRY2	Protein sprouty homolog 2	O43597
SRPK2	SRSF protein kinase 2	P78362
ST1A1	Sulfotransferase 1A1	P50225
ST3GAL1	CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1	Q11201
STAMBP	STAM-binding protein	O95630
STC1	Stanniocalcin-1	P52823
STX8	Syntaxin-8	Q9UNK0
STXBP3	Syntaxin-binding protein 3	O00186
TANK	TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator	Q92844
TGF-alpha	Protransforming growth factor alpha	P01135
TIGAR	Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR	Q9NQ88
TMPRSS15	Enteropeptidase	P98073
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor	P01375
TNFB	Lymphotoxin-alpha	P01374
TNFRSF9	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9	Q07011
TNFSF14	Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14	O43557
TNNI3	Troponin I, cardiac muscle	P19429
TOP2B	DNA topoisomerase 2-beta	Q02880
TPSAB1	Tryptase alpha/beta-1	Q15661
TRAF2	TNF receptor-associated factor 2	Q12933
TRAIL	Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10	P50591
TRANCE	Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11	O14788
TREM1	Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1	Q9NP99
TRIM21	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21	P19474
TRIM5	Tripartite motif-containing protein 5	Q9C035
TSLP	Thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Q969D9
TWEAK	Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12	O43508
uPA	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	P00749
VASH1	Tubulinyl-Tyr carboxypeptidase 1	Q7L8A9
VEGFA	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	P15692
WAS	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein	P42768
YES1	Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes	P07947
ZBTB16	Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16	Q05516

Protein names are retrieved from the UniProt database¹.
¹ UniProt Consortium. UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D506-D515. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1049. PMID: 30395287; PMCID: PMC6323992.

People

Below we list individuals involved in the Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas Project including scientists, physicians, physician scientists, and support personnel.

Name	Affiliation
John Tyler Sandberg	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Helena Bergsten	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Niklas K Björkström	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Susanna Brighenti	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Marcus Buggert	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Marta Butrym	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Benedict Chambers	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Puran Chen	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Martin Cornillet	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Angelica Cuapio Gomez	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Isabel Diaz Lozano	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Majda Dzidic	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Johanna Emgård	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Malin Flodström-Tullberg	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Jean-Baptiste Gorin	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Sara Gredmark-Russ	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Laura Hertwig	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Sadaf Kalsum	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Jonas Klingström	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Efthymia Kokkinou	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Egle Kvedaraite	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Nicole Marquardt	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Magdalini Lourda	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Kimia T Maleki	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Karl-Johan Malmberg	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Jakob Michaëlsson	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Jenny Mjösberg	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Kirsten Moll	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Anna Norrby-Teglund	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Laura M Palma Medina	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Tiphaine Parrot	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Lena Radler	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Emma Ringqvist	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Johan K Sandberg	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Takuya Sekine	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Tea Soini	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Mattias Svensson	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Janne Tynell	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Andreas von Kries	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
David Wullimann	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
André Perez-Potti	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Olga Rivera-Ballesteros	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Christopher Maucourant	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Renata Varnaite	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Mira Akber	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Lena Berglin	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Demi Brownlie	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Marco Giulio Loreti	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Ebba Sohlberg	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Tobias Kammann	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Elisabeth Henriksson	Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Kristoffer Strålin	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Soo Aleman	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Anders Sönnerborg	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Lena Dillner	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Anna Färnert	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Hedvig Glans	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Pontus Nauclér	Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Olav Rooyackers	Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Johan Mårtensson	Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lars I Eriksson	Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Björn P Persson	Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jonathan Grip	Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christian Unge	Department of Emergency Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Papers

Below we list all papers published, or by other means made public, containing the original data for the Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas.

Published

PNAS. 5 Oct 2021

High-dimensional profiling reveals phenotypic heterogeneity and disease-specific alterations of granulocytes in COVID-19

Magda Lourda, Majda Dzidic, Laura Hertwig, Helena Bergsten, Laura M. Palma Medina, Indranil Sinha, Egle Kvedaraite, Puran Chen, Jagadeeswara R. Muvva, Jean-Baptiste Gorin, Martin Cornillet, Johanna Emgård, Kirsten Moll, Marina García, Kimia T. Maleki, Jonas Klingström, Jakob Michaëlsson, Malin Flodström-Tullberg, Susanna Brighenti, Marcus Buggert, Jenny Mjösberg, Karl-Johan Malmberg, Johan K. Sandberg, Jan-Inge Henter, Elin Folkesson, Sara Gredmark-Russ, Anders Sönnerborg, Lars I. Eriksson, Olav Rooyackers, Soo Aleman, Kristoffer Strålin, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Niklas K. Björkström, Mattias Svensson, Andrea Ponzetta, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Benedict J. Chambers, and Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Study Group

Clinical & Translational Immunology. 5 Jul 2021

SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity persists through 9 months irrespective of COVID-19 severity at hospitalisation

John Tyler Sandberg, Renata Varnaitė, Wanda Christ, Puran Chen, Jagadeeswara R Muvva, Kimia T Maleki, Marina García, Majda Dzidic, Elin Folkesson, Magdalena Skagerberg, Gustaf Ahlén, Lars Frelin, Matti Sällberg, Lars I Eriksson, Olav Rooyackers, Anders Sönnerborg, Marcus Buggert, Niklas K Björkström, Soo Aleman, Kristoffer Strålin, Jonas Klingström, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Kim Blom, Sara Gredmark-Russ, The Karolinska COVID-19 Study Group

PNAS. 9 Feb 2021

Major alterations in the mononuclear phagocyte landscape associated with COVID-19 severity

Egle Kvedaraite, Laura Hertwig, Indranil Sinha, Andrea Ponzetta, Ida Hed Myrberg, Magda Lourda, Majda Dzidic, Mira Akber, Jonas Klingström, Elin Folkesson, Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva, Puran Chen, Sara Gredmark-Russ, Susanna Brighenti, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Lars I. Eriksson, Olav Rooyackers, Soo Aleman, Kristoffer Strålin, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Florent Ginhoux, Niklas K. Björkström, Jan-Inge Henter, Mattias Svensson, and Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Study Group

Clinical & Translational Immunology. 14 Dec 2020

Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID‐19 disease severity

Marina García, Efthymia Kokkinou, Anna Carrasco García, Tiphaine Parrot, Laura M Palma Medina, Kimia T Maleki, Wanda Christ, Renata Varnaitė, Iva Filipovic, Hans‐Gustaf Ljunggren, Niklas K Björkström, Elin Folkesson, Olav Rooyackers, Lars I Eriksson, Anders Sönnerborg, Soo Aleman, Kristoffer Strålin, Sara Gredmark‐Russ, Jonas Klingström, Jenny Mjösberg, and the Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 Study Group

Science Immunology. 28 Sep 2020

MAIT cell activation and dynamics associated with COVID-19 disease severity

Tiphaine Parrot, Jean-Baptiste Gorin, Andrea Ponzetta, Kimia T Maleki, Tobias Kammann, Johanna Emgård, André Perez-Potti, Takuya Sekine, Olga Rivera-Ballesteros, Karolinska COVID-19 Study Group, Sara Gredmark-Russ, Olav Rooyackers, Elin Folkesson, Lars I Eriksson, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Niklas K Björkström, Soo Aleman, Marcus Buggert, Jonas Klingström, Kristoffer Strålin, Johan K Sandberg

Science Immunology. 21 Aug 2020

Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity

Christopher Maucourant, Iva Filipovic, Andrea Ponzetta, Soo Aleman, Martin Cornillet, Laura Hertwig, Benedikt Strunz, Antonio Lentini, Björn Reinius, Demi Brownlie, Angelica Cuapio Gomez, Eivind Heggernes Ask, Ryan M Hull, Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo, Marie Schaffer, Jonas Klingström, Elin Folkesson, Marcus Buggert, Johan K Sandberg, Lars I Eriksson, Olav Rooyackers, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Karl-Johan Malmberg, Jakob Michaëlsson, Nicole Marquardt, Quirin Hammer, Kristoffer Strålin, Niklas K Björkström, Karolinska COVID-19 Study Group

Cell. 14 Aug 2020

Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19

Takuya Sekine, André Perez-Potti, Olga Rivera-Ballesteros, Kristoffer Strålin, Jean-Baptiste Gorin, Annika Olsson, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, Habiba Kamal, Gordana Bogdanovic, Sandra Muschiol, David J. Wullimann, Tobias Kammann, Johanna Emgård, Tiphaine Parrot, Elin Folkesson, Karolinska COVID-19 Study Group, Olav Rooyackers, Lars I. Eriksson, Jan-Inge Henter, Anders Sönnerborg, Tobias Allander, Jan Albert, Morten Nielsen, Jonas Klingström, Sara Gredmark-Russ, Niklas K. Björkström, Johan K. Sandberg, David A. Price, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Soo Aleman, Marcus Buggert

News

25th September 2020

Data on additional cell tracks will be added during the autumn of 2020

As work is progressing with the Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas, data on additional immune cell types, including ILCs, neutrophils, unconventional T cells, B cells, and mononuclear phagocytes as well as on inflammatory soluble factors will be added during the autumn of 2020.

Regulatory

The present project has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. All COVID-19 patients and healthy controls have provided consent to the study. All data are presented at a group aggregate level.

Support

The present project has supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Nordstjernan AB, Karolinska Institutet, and the Karolinska University Hospital.

Licence

The Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 International License for all copyrightable parts of the present database.

While it is encouraged to use this resources for research, proper citation of the content should be given in all cases.

If uncertain about how to cite this source or if written approval is needed for a specific use that is otherwise restricted, please contact us.

Other parts of this website, including photographs, drawings, design and code, are copyrighted and cannot be distributed or reused without permission.

Protein names and gene symbols for soluble factors are retrieved from the UniProt database¹.

¹ UniProt Consortium. UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D506-D515. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1049. PMID: 30395287; PMCID: PMC6323992.

Citation

If citing or displaying any content in any format, written or otherwise, including print or web publications, presentations, grant applications, websites, other online applications such as blogs, or other works, the following must be met:

Include a reference to the primary publication (see list of papers).

AND

Include a reference to the present website: Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas available from http://COVID19cellatlas.com

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Contact

Associate Professor Niklas Björkström, niklas.bjorkstrom@ki.se (science/research)

Professor Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, hans-gustaf.ljunggren@ki.se (science/research)

Associate Professor Kristoffer Strålin, kristoffer.stralin@sll.se (science/clinic)

MD Eivind Heggernes Ask, e.h.ask@studmed.uio.no (science/web)

Data is generated by analyzing patient and healthy control serum or plasma using a Proximity Extension Assay. The Normalized Protein Expression (NPX) unit, which is an arbitrary unit on the log2 scale, is used for all protein expression values. The volcano plots display absolute differences in medians of two groups, plotted against the non-adjusted p value of a Mann-Whitney U test. A complete list of proteins can be found on the Soluble factors page. Protein names and gene symbols are retrieved from the UniProt database.

Select a protein
to show details

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